HIV-1 Antibodies: Detects antibodies specific to HIV-1, the most widespread type of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

HIV-2 Antibodies: Tests for antibodies related to HIV-2, a less common type of the virus mainly found in West Africa.

Regular Health Check: If you are sexually active, especially with multiple partners, or at higher risk due to other factors, regular screenings are advised.

Experiencing Symptoms: Such as unexplained weight loss, frequent fevers and sweats, chronic fatigue, or persistent skin rashes.

Doctor's Recommendation: If a healthcare professional advises you to get tested for HIV due to possible exposure or as part of a general health screening.

Special Instructions: The combination HIV test, known as a fourth-generation test, is designed to detect both HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and the p24 antigen, an early marker of HIV. The p24 antigen typically becomes detectable as early as 2 to 3 weeks post-exposure, with antibodies becoming detectable shortly thereafter. This test is most reliable when taken between 2 to 6 weeks after potential exposure to the virus.

Retesting: If the test is negative and there's still concern about potential exposure, a retest is usually advised several weeks later to ensure accuracy, as antibodies may take time to reach detectable levels.

Refraining from Sexual Activity: Until you receive your test result, it is prudent to refrain from sexual activity to prevent any potential spread of the infection, especially if you have reason to believe you may have been exposed to sexually transmitted infection (STI) or if you have symptoms suggestive of a STI.

When screening for antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2, individuals should be aware that these infections can begin with symptoms similar to the flu or show no symptoms at all for many years.

Over time, without treatment, these viruses can advance to AIDS, significantly compromising the immune system and leading to serious health issues, including increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and certain types of cancer.